不孕症是現代社會日趨嚴重的問題,隨著人工生殖技術日新月異,成功做人的個案與日俱增。根據一篇 1999 年的統計報告,西方國家約有 10~15% 的夫妻接受各式各樣的不孕症治療,也吸引很多學者投入研究相關的健康問題。

2013 年 9 月份的《國際癌症期刊》(International Journal of Cancer)刊載了丹麥的流行病學研究報告,指出患有不孕症的母親經過治療後生育的子嗣,在童年和青年時期罹患癌症的風險比起沒有不孕症的母親生育的子嗣來得高。

這個大規模的世代研究收錄了 1964 年到 2006 年間在丹麥出生的 283 萬人的資料,其中近 12 萬 6 千人的母親曾被醫院婦產科部門或私人婦產科診所評估患有不孕症,經歷中位數長達 20 年的追蹤期,發現患有不孕症母親的子嗣在 20 歲之前罹患癌症的風險是沒有不孕症母親子嗣的 1.18 倍,其中發生個案最多的癌症是白血病,而在不同種類的白血病中,不孕症子嗣罹患非淋巴型白血病的風險高達非不孕症子嗣的 1.89 倍,最為顯著。

該研究也對 20 歲之後罹患癌症的風險進行分析,結果發現不孕症子嗣整體罹癌風險為非不孕症子嗣的 1.22 倍,尤其在內分泌腺癌風險比為 2.67 倍,差異最為顯著。

在這個丹麥國家級資料庫的研究結果發現:不孕症子嗣罹患癌症的機會略高於非不孕症子嗣,其發生原因尚無定論。雖然人工生殖過程中可能使用到的合成雌激素 diethylstilbestrol 被認為是癌症的危險因子,不孕症親代其他的基因缺陷也可能是子代罹癌的重要原因,實際的發生機轉還有待相關研究進一步證實。            

(圖片來源: Sergiu Bacioiu via photopin cc

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