2014 年 05 月 15 日 
心理學與精神病學最為人詬病的一點，就是對於精神疾病的診斷過度依賴主觀且定性的觀察法，而非定量的方法，事實上，《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》第五版（DSM-V）出版時，曾引起相當大的爭議，正是因為沒有將生物性證據納入。可以想見，若某一門醫學專科拒絕把疾病量化指標列入診斷依據，通常很難贏得他人的信賴。
值得慶幸的是，許多人意識到這個問題，並嘗試去修正。最近一組巴西研究員經實驗證實，描述夢境時所使用的詞彙模式，能用來判斷思覺失調症（原名精神分裂症）或躁鬱症，這兩個疾病通常很難區分。
研究人員訪談了 60 位分別是健康、思覺失調症或躁鬱症的受試者，要求他們講述以前做過的夢，並將他們的談話內容轉變為字詞圖形，就如圖 A，每個一點代表一個字彙，點跟點之間由說話順序連起來。
結果發現，思覺失調症、躁鬱症患者與健康的人所呈現的字彙圖表有顯著不同，如圖 B，相較於健康控制組，思覺失調症患者用的詞彙相當少，而躁鬱症患者說話速度過快且重複。
有趣的是，研究人員發現，如果以字彙圖表形容日常或現實生活發生的事情，差異不顯著，只有在形容夢境時，比較容易看出一個人的精神狀況。因此就如同作者在論文中引用佛洛伊德對夢的闡釋：「夢是通往潛意識的金光大道！」 （Dreams are the royal road to the unconscious），夢在臨床上還是有它的用處！
（封面圖片來源：Www.CourtneyCarmody.com/ CC BY 2.0）
The Way You Talk About Your Dreams Could Reveal If You’re Psychotic
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