女生真的比較痛!據國外最新研究指出,受荷爾蒙波段影響,女性相對更容易感受到疼痛,甚至還會因為生理、心理的交互影響下增加憂鬱症、焦慮症的風險3。但最新「疼痛認知行為調查」卻顯示,面對疼痛,有高達九成八女性寧願忍痛也不處理4。臺北市藥師公會發言人王明媛藥師表示,若長期置之不理,有可能使疼痛影響層面擴及身心。尤其女性對疼痛的敏感度較高,更要注意疼痛容易引起負面情緒,導致人際關係之間的衝突產生,讓自己陷入「疼痛影響情緒」的負向循環。
10月11日是台灣效法聯合國「世界女孩日」所創立的「臺灣女孩日」,在屬於台灣女孩的這一天,呼籲女孩們珍視自己的特別之處,就從愛自己開始。消費保健產業的龍頭企業赫力昂,結合持續以來推動民眾落實「自我照護」,以及台灣女孩日強調的「愛自己」的兩大核心概念,邀請臺北市藥師公會共同響應,呼籲全國民眾與身邊的女性一起正視與面對疼痛問題、學習正確的疼痛管理方式,好好「愛自己」前,先學習讓生活與情緒不因疼痛受到影響。
疼痛與情緒雙向影響:九成六女性曾因痛影響心情1
國內外有多項文獻資料都指出,女性確實比男性更容易感受到疼痛,無論是生理和心理機制,甚至是社會文化不同都有所影響。例如:荷爾蒙對女性在不同生理階段(如月經週期)中的疼痛感知影響顯著5、神經系統的差異的影響或是心理與社會文化因素的形塑都會讓女性疼痛感知較為敏感。同時,女性也因為荷爾蒙波動、基因和免疫系統的差異所致,更易罹患「慢性疼痛」6。且根據國內疼痛認知行為調查顯示,女性最常感受的疼痛類型前三名分別是頭痛、肌肉酸痛、經痛7,而在覺察自己疼痛的比例也較男性高8。
疼痛也會對心理造成影響,據調查指出,有高達九成六女性曾因疼痛影響心情1,其中更以因為疼痛變得煩躁或易怒為大宗,其次則是容易感到力不從心。王明媛藥師說明,當身體接收到刺激時,會將疼痛的訊號傳遞給大腦,讓我們感受到疼痛,同時大腦也是感受情緒的中心,所以兩者會容易互相影響,導致身、心皆感受不適。
疼痛確實影響親密關係 不及時管理恐成人際關係殺手
疼痛情緒影響會加深心理上的「孤獨無助感」,就此埋下影響親密關係的種子。王明媛藥師表示,過去曾有一名30歲女性前往藥局,自述每次經痛都相當不舒服,希望能向藥師尋求能改善經痛的止痛藥。進一步了解才發現,原來該名女子已經不只一次因經痛引起的負面情緒導致與男友爭吵,可見疼痛對於生活造成的影響深遠。
調查也顯示,近四成女性曾因疼痛與家人或伴侶產生衝突9、也較容易因為疼痛發生而感到孤獨或認為沒有人理解自己10。不過即使如此,大多女性疼痛發生時還是選擇「有痛自己忍」,自己忍耐不告訴任何人或希望別人主動關心,不願訴說的主因竟是不希望影響別人11。
不論疼痛造成生理或是心理上的不適,都只有自己才知道多麼不舒服,即使是親近的伴侶、家人都無法同理疼痛感受。但若此時旁人還以懷疑、責備的態度面對,疼痛便可能成為引發衝突、破壞人際關係的導火線。因此,面對疼痛、認識疼痛並且即時止痛就成為面對疼痛的重要方式。
止痛藥不可怕!適時用藥緩解疼痛 建立自我照護觀念
王明媛藥師提醒,忍痛並無法減輕疼痛狀況,若不想讓疼痛逐漸演變為慢性疼痛12、影響身心健康。王明媛藥師建議遇到疼痛問題的第一步為「先釐清疼痛原因」,並且掌握「黃金一小時」的止痛時間13,主動尋找正確的方式舒緩疼痛,快速緩解疼痛是關鍵。
若需要在空腹時服用,建議選擇含有溫和不傷胃成份的止痛藥,目前市售止痛藥經衛福部核准,按照仿單服用都是安全無虞,但若民眾對藥物有疑慮,也可以主動到社區藥局請教藥師建議,了解正確的疼痛管理用藥知識。不過如果疼痛持續未緩解,就應該尋求專業的醫療協助。為此,赫力昂集團也持續秉持「以人為本,提升每日健康」為目標,積極與通路及產業協會合作推廣自我照護,希望讓民眾生活更健康。
臺北市藥師公會提醒民眾,疼痛發生時建議以正面、積極的態度及時處理,強調不只是女性,所有民眾都應學習正確疼痛管理方式,並建立自我照護觀念,避免因疼痛影響心理健康與社交生活。
1參考資料:<2024疼痛認知行為調查> 九成六女性曾被疼痛影響心情
2參考資料:<2024疼痛認知行為調查> 近四成曾影響與家人間互動
3參考資料:Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Peters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N., & Turk, D. C. (2007). The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: scientific advances and future directions. Psychological bulletin, 133(4), 581.
4參考資料:<2024疼痛認知行為調查> 高達九成八女性面對疼痛時會選擇忍痛
5參考資料:Smith, J., & Doe, A. (2020). Sex differences in pain perception and modulation. *Pain, 150*(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2020.01.001
6參考資料:Johnson, L. M., & Smith, P. R. (2019). 慢性疼痛的流行病學:性別差異的發病率和患病率. *疼痛期刊, 160*(4), 725-732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2019.02.005
7參考資料:<2024疼痛認知行為調查> 女性最感受的疼痛前三名分別是頭痛、肌肉酸痛、經痛
8參考資料:<2024疼痛認知行為調查> 女性覺察自己疼痛的比例也較男性高
9參考資料:<2024疼痛認知行為調查> 近四成女性曾因疼痛與家人或伴侶產生衝突
10參考資料:<2024疼痛認知行為調查> 女性因為疼痛發生感到孤獨或認為沒有人理解自己
11參考資料:<2024疼痛認知行為調查> 過半女性疼痛發生時選擇自己忍耐不告訴任何人或希望別人主動關心。主要是不希望影響別人
12參考資料:Voscopoulos, C., & Lema, M. (2010). When does acute pain become chronic?. British journal of anaesthesia, 105(suppl_1), i69-i85.
13參考資料:2022台灣頭痛學會民眾衛教手冊/ Neuropathic pain: mechanisms and their clinical implications
https://taiwanheadache.org.tw/medication-ins/%E6%AD%A2%E7%97%9B%E8%97%A5%E8%A6%81%E6%80%8E%E9%BA%BC%E5%90%83%E6%89%8D%E5%A5%BD%EF%BC%9F/
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