資料來源:疾病管制署
近期菲律賓中部發生霍亂疫情,韓國亦公布自該國的境外移入病例;疾病管制署呼籲近期欲前往當地的民眾應提高警覺,加強個人衛生習慣並注意飲食安全。霍亂弧菌不耐熱,食物及飲用水經充分煮沸即可殺死,請民眾務必遵守,以維護自身健康。
菲律賓於今(2017)年2月底在中部維薩亞斯群島(Visayas)之薄荷島(Bohol)東南部及宿霧省卡內薩島發生霍亂疫情,至少有100人確診感染霍亂,多數伴隨嚴重腹瀉,其中一名四歲孩童已死亡;另韓國於今年2月21日公布一起旅客自菲律賓中部宿霧省移入霍亂群聚。菲律賓去(2016)年截至10月中累計約1萬4千例疑似病例,56例確診病例。
霍亂是一種急性細菌性腸道傳染病,經由病人或帶菌者糞便或嘔吐物污染的食物或飲水而感染,一般感染原因為食用未煮熟受污染的水產品(特別是甲殼類或貝類)或食入交叉污染的食物,感染後是否發病與食入菌量及人體免疫力有關,老年人、慢性疾病患者、癌症、免疫功能抑制、胃酸不足或胃切除者較易發病,屬於高危險群。潛伏期為數小時至5天,通常為2至3天,症狀為大量米湯樣水性腹瀉、嘔吐、快速脫水、酸中毒和循環衰竭等,輕重程度因人而異,國內醫療資源充足,大多數病患接受妥適的治療照顧後,症狀都能獲得改善。
疾管署提醒,民眾前往霍亂流行地區,應飲用煮沸的水、包裝完整的飲品及經消毒過的奶類或製品;避免飲用加入冰塊的飲品;避免食用生魚片、生菜、生蠔或未熟貝類等,以減少罹病的風險。民眾如出現疑似症狀,請儘速就醫治療;醫師如發現疑似個案,請於24小時內通報。相關資訊可至疾管署全球資訊網(http://www.cdc.gov.tw),或撥打免付費防疫專線1922(或0800-001922)洽詢。
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