2014 年 10 月 27 日 , , ,

伊波拉疫情擴散,隨著原先被認為是醫療首善之區的美國,也一再發生防疫漏洞,出現病患「趴趴走」,染病護士在診斷前搭飛機等等烏龍狀況,全球對於各國政府應對伊波拉疫情的能力,也不禁捏了好幾把冷汗,而其中人口大國印度,萬一面對伊波拉來襲,其防備能力如何,也備受關注。

但情況可能相當不樂觀,印度的醫療資源相當缺乏,以護士人口比而言,美國每千人有 10 名護士,台灣約每千人有 6 名護士,但印度每千人只有 1 名護士,而這些護士的醫療資源也相當缺乏,許多甚至沒有手套,這將使得病毒很容易透過醫護人員在病人之間傳播開來,因而釀成疫情大爆發。

除了醫療人員與物資缺乏,印度平時就是傳染病大國,也將嚴重干擾對抗伊波拉的行動。由於印度本來就流行瘧疾、登革熱等會導致發燒的傳染病,病患若感染伊波拉發燒,很可能會被誤診為其他熱病,因而錯失隔離的時機。

而在檢驗能力上,印度也極為不足,以印度之大,全國竟然只有 2 個實驗室能檢驗伊波拉病毒,分別是德里的國家傳染病中心(National Institute for Communicable Diseases),以及浦那的國家病毒中心(National Institute of Virology),只有 2 個實驗室,顯然不足以應付疫情爆發時的需求。

印度人口密集,許多風俗習慣也增加人與人的接觸,一旦發現疫情,要追蹤所有患者接觸過的人可說難上加難,更糟糕的是,印度恐怕連適當的隔離場所都難尋,面對嚴峻的防疫情勢,印度衛生與家庭健康部長 Harsh Vardhan 也只能表示:「我們必須做最壞的打算。」目前印度只能嚴控出入境,盡量防堵伊波拉進入國內,否則後果恐怕不堪設想。

(本文由 科技新報 授權轉載;首圖來源:Flickr/McKay Savage

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