問:我今年二十六歲,國小六年級時眼睛近視度數單眼只有二百五十度,上國中後,度數一下增到四百五十度,是否因為月經來了的影響?配戴隱形眼鏡是否比較不會使度數再增加?吃藥或點眼藥有沒有辦法使度數恢復正常?飲食方面是否要做改善?
答:隨著升學壓力的增加,國小至國中階段學童罹患近視的比例呈現倍數增長,而近視度數也有逐年加深的趨勢。近視度數的增加與遺傳及環境因素都有關,而與是否有月經及配戴眼鏡或是隱形眼鏡並沒有相關連,長時間近距離看書及工作才是近視加深的主因。
要區分所增加的度數是否因長時間看近物,導致睫狀肌過度收縮而引起的短暫性近視(假性近視),可以點睫狀肌鬆弛劑,若原先增加的度數消失了,則表示度數的增加是因睫狀肌收縮所引豈,這種近視可以點藥治療。
另一種近視為軸性近視,與遺傳的關係較密切,乃眼睛前後徑變長所致,目前並沒有藥物或食物可以有效地阻止或延緩軸性近視的增加,只有定期驗光檢查,如有需要則要時常換鏡片,保持清晰的視力。
而軸性近視易導致高度近視及視網膜病變,所以也要定期(一般為半年至一年)檢查視網膜。飲食方面並沒有特別,只要注意均衡營養不偏食,而改變用眼習慣及閱讀環境,多讓眼睛休息及望遠凝視,對雙眸健康有益,也可以延緩度數再加深。
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