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巨大橡皮黃色小鴨鴨環遊世界,吸引了無數人參觀,台灣城市也搶著邀請橡皮小鴨鴨來訪,不過,在美國,真正的小鴨鴨,才剛造成 37 個州之中,300 多人感染沙門氏菌,其中還有 2 人因此住院。
美國最近爆發一波沙門氏菌流行,到 8 月 19 日已經有 316 人染病,柯羅拉多州有 37 人,德州有32 人,華盛頓州與新墨西哥州都有 19 人。美國疾病管制局調查,病人之中,有 97%買了小鴨等小鳥回家養,81%在生病前一週接觸過小鳥,並鎖定了 113 間飼料店與 18 間網路販賣小鴨小雞小鵝的網路商店,與此次流行有關。
8 月 19 日,新墨西哥州衛生部表示,追查到新墨西哥州波特列斯市(Portales)的一處養鴨廠裡頭有這次的沙門氏菌菌株,這間養鴨廠供應許多賣小雞小鴨的飼料店以及網路商店,也就是說,這間養鴨場所養出來的毛絨絨可愛小鴨鴨們,很可能就是這次感染爆發的源頭。養鴨場已經開始全面消毒行動,把受影響的小鴨下市,並且為全場的鳥兒打沙門氏菌疫苗。
沙門氏菌感染 72 小時內會造成腸胃炎,有拉肚子、肚子絞痛、發燒等症狀,通常會持續約一週,大部分人無需特別治療就能自己痊癒,但是小孩、老人,或免疫力不全的病人,則可能會有嚴重病情。
雛鳥即使看起來很健康,身上仍有可能帶有沙門氏菌,接觸到雛鳥的糞便,或是雛鳥本身,都有機會感染,許多家庭買了小鴨之後養在家中讓小朋友把玩,或是雖然養在院子,但是父母接觸過雛鳥後沒有洗手,於是就把沙門氏菌傳染給了小朋友。
所以,小雞小鴨雖可愛,還是可遠觀而不可褻玩焉。此外,蛋殼內外也都可能有沙門氏菌,所以蛋若未煮熟,尤其是蛋白未熟,很容易感染沙門氏菌拉肚子,在美國,如廚藝比賽中,用了生蛋白會直接失格,國人對生雞蛋卻普遍沒有戒心,有生雞蛋配酒,或是以生雞蛋來當火鍋沾料的習慣,小心拉肚子喔。
(Cover photo: By Eva Rinaldi from Sydney Australia (Rubber DuckUploaded by russavia) [CC-BY-SA-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons)
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