國民健康署修正「人工生殖機構許可辦法」,鼓勵醫師在為35歲以下不孕婦女進行人工受孕時,一次不植入超過2個胚胎。修法目的在於減少多胞胎懷孕對胎兒本身的負面影響及生產時對孕婦造成的危險。
國民健康署是以修改評分的方式,鼓勵醫師不要一次植入超過兩個胚胎。國健署表示瞭解不孕婦女在接受試管嬰兒治療時,最大的期望是生育子女,要達到這個目的,以為一次要植入多個胚胎將提高懷孕機率。但是這樣相對也會導致3-7%流產機率、早產、出生胎兒體重較輕、早期破水、母體凝血功能不良、感染甚至敗血症死亡等。而多胞胎妊娠及生產,對母親而言,出現貧血、高血壓、產前或產後出血、敗血症、子癇前症(妊娠毒血症)、妊娠糖尿病等併發症的風險都較單胎懷孕高。
國健署指出目前2個人工生殖子女中,就有1個是多胞胎,而每3個人工生殖活產多胞胎中約有2個為早產兒(多胞胎早產率達68.3%),其早產率約為單胞胎的4.9倍,在低體重部分,同樣約每6個活產多胞胎中有5個為低體重兒(多胞胎低體重率達83.7%),其低體重率約為活產單胞胎的7倍。欲將現況一次植入3個以上胚胎之比率降低,依此經推估將可減少300個低體重兒的出生。
目前全國通過許可之人工生殖機構有72家。
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