你可曾想過每天吃進去的牙膏真的安全嗎?現代人每天第一口入口的東西,不是美味的早餐,而是五顏六色的牙膏,隨著消費者的需求,牙膏除了清潔外,也標榜許多功能性成分,然而,其添加的成分是否安全,值得消費者關心。
為了讓口腔保持清潔,降低蛀牙的發生率,及保有一口亮白的牙齒,牙膏已經變成每個家庭的生活必需品。
然而,你是否還有印象?網路上一直流傳一則關於牙膏安全性的文章,發文內容寫著,牙膏管底的顏色是有含義的,共分成四種顏色,分別是綠、藍、紅及黑色,不同的顏色代表著此牙膏屬於天然還是化學成分製造,偏偏發文者還說,兒童用的牙膏,幾乎都是黑色管底,為化學成分製成,嚇壞不少人,要民眾在選購牙膏時,要特別注意牙膏管底的顏色,千萬不要買到化學製作的牙膏。
到底這則發文是否屬實?又我們目前使用的牙膏安全性到底為何?該如何選擇適合自己的牙膏?種種問題,《健康世界》邀請臺大醫院牙周病科王振穎醫師為大家解答!
牙膏軟管顏色暗藏成分密碼?僅為定位識別及品管用,純屬謠言!
根據網路上流傳一則關於牙膏安全性的文章,發文內容寫著:「牙膏管底的顏色是有含義的,共分成四種顏色,要是管底為綠色,就代表純天然製作;藍色為天然+藥物製成;紅色為天然+化學成分製成;而黑色管底為純化學製作。」
發文者表示,國內的牙膏包括兒童牙膏居然大多都是化學的,民眾在選購牙膏時,要特別注意牙膏管底的顏色,千萬不要買到化學製作的牙膏,此篇文章在網路上傳播,幾乎已傳遍整個華人社會。
(圖片來源: waitscm via photopin cc)
針對此文章,王振穎牙醫師提出指正:「大錯特錯!」
醫師解釋,牙膏管顏色功用只是廠商印刷的標記,主要是牙膏製作封管時,用來做定位識別及品管使用,跟成分一點關係都沒有,若想知道成分,其實產品欄位就有標示,網路的流傳根本純屬謠言,提醒廣大消費者不要輕信傳言,以訛傳訛。
中國口腔清潔護理用品工業協會也發布澄清指出,牙膏包裝底部顏色調是用於牙膏生產過程中,封尾時的定位與識別,被稱為電眼定位點,常用的有紅、藍、綠及黑色等,以確保封尾時包裝處於正確的位置,與牙膏成分一點也沒有關係,民眾可不要再被謠言牽著鼻子走了!
天天使用牙膏會傷身體?不至於!
隨著科技的進步及市場上的消費者需求導向,牙膏製造業者為了強調自家的商品功能,在研發上也更趨多樣化。目前市面上牙膏的品牌眾多,標榜的功效也五花八門,例如有幫助預防蛀牙、預防牙周病、抗敏感等功效,伴隨著這些特殊功能,製作牙膏時勢必要添加物質,但畢竟是要進入消費者口中,其添加的成分是否安全,值得消費者關心。
「天天使用牙膏刷牙,對人體不至於有不良的影響。」王振穎醫師說明,人類使用牙膏的歷史,可回溯西元前1500年或更早,在古老的埃及和中國就已經開始使用,而牙膏到底會不會危害人體?其實目前牙膏的每種成分,政府單位都有給予濃度劑量的規範,民眾天天使用,不至於會危害身體。而目前牙膏的成分不外乎有以下幾種,王醫師也針對每種成分,給予使用上的建議:
1. 研磨劑或拋光劑:主要成分為碳酸鈣、磷酸二鈣及氧化鋁,可協助去除牙齒染色及牙菌斑問題,其中顆粒較粗者,常為美白牙膏必備成份,但若顆粒過粗,亦可能造成琺瑯質的損害,若有敏感性牙齒症狀的病患,使用美白牙膏上尤需謹慎。
2. 結合劑:主要成分為水溶性的各式藻膠,或不溶於水的矽酸鎂鋁、矽酸膠,其特性為可使牙膏具延展性,較容易擠壓。
3. 界面活性劑:主要為月桂基硫酸鈉(Sodium lauryl sulfate, SLS),SLS為陰離子界面活性劑,主要目的是製造泡沫、去除殘渣,所以廣泛使用於沐浴用品及清潔劑。但因界面活性劑濃度過高時,會有刺激性高、易致癌的憂慮,所以市面上所有個人衛生用品的含量都應在合理範圍內,民眾不必過於憂心。
4. 保濕劑:主要成分為山梨醇(Sorb-ital)、甘油(Glycerin)及聚二甘醇(Polyethylene glycol),目的為保持產品的濕度及型態,不致難以擠壓或乾裂。王振穎醫師指出,先前大陸「黑心牙膏」吵得沸沸揚揚,就是其牙膏含有所謂黑心成份:二甘醇(Diethylene glycol),二甘醇雖也為保濕劑,但主要為工業用途,若濃度超過標準,具神經毒性,所以把關的衛生單位不得不慎。
(圖片來源:makelessnoise via photopin cc)
5. 芳香劑:常用有薄荷油、綠薄荷油、茴香油、鹿蹄草、及尤加利葉等常用精油成份,主要功能為保持口氣清新,部份精油成份也有鎮痛效果。
6. 具療效成份:像是抗齲齒氟化物;抗牙菌斑玉潔新(三氯生,Triclosan)、氯己啶(chlorohexidine);抗敏感的硝酸鉀、氟化鈉、氟化亞錫等,都是常見具療效的成分。不過,王醫師提到,由於含療效成份的牙膏,多半都有指定用途,所以應被視同為醫師指定用藥,建議民眾使用應依醫師指示其使用方法及用途,長期使用更需由醫師觀察,以免造成不必要的副作用。
王振穎醫師提到,像是近年消基會就曾明確指出:某些牙膏去敏感成份若濫用於兒童,可能危及幼兒神經系統或牙齒齒質的情況。此外,像是抗菌氯己啶(chloro-hexidine)成份若長期使用,則容易造成牙齒染色或味覺改變;而個人清潔用品常含的玉潔新(Triclosan)成份,若混合經氯消毒的自來水排放,可能產生有毒氣體,或造成河川優養化,此環保論點亦曾有學者提及。
但基本上,這些療效成份只要選擇合格產品正確使用,對人體和口腔都是安全無虞的。
7.其他成份:有時牙膏會添加防腐劑,如苯甲酸鈉(Benzoates),以防止牙膏的敗壞,當然,此部份的濃度含量也受到衛生單位管制。
鹽水無法預防牙周病 別再聽信謠言了!
王振穎醫師說明,目前幾乎沒有任何實證研究證明用鹽水刷牙或漱口可以有效防止牙周病,雖然部分學者嘗試將鹽水漱口應用於幼童的牙周病防治上,但相較於其他漱口水的研究,成果仍是相去甚遠。總歸一句,要預防牙周病,只有養成正確的刷牙方式及習慣,並定期口腔檢查,及早發現,及早治療,才是保持口腔衛生的關鍵因素。
刷牙不需牙膏?醫:牙膏有輔助效果
王振穎醫師說明,牙膏就像是洗澡時的肥皂或沐浴乳,雖然牙刷才是清潔時的主要工具,然而,配合牙膏使用,可以減少牙菌斑的累積、預防齲齒、去除牙齒染色;牙膏添加的清涼配方,也有保持口氣清新的功用。所以,簡單來說,雖然牙膏並非健牙的法寶,但它是刷牙的輔助工具,能幫助把牙齒清潔得更乾淨。
此外,市面上許多牙膏標榜多重功效,有的能美白牙齒、抗敏感、抗牙周病、抗菌等效果,民眾要如何選擇適合自己的牙膏呢?王振穎醫師解釋,其實牙膏的主成分大同小異,只要選擇適合自己的口味即可。
值得一提的是,王醫師補充,選擇牙膏不是標榜功效越多,或價格越貴就越好,尤其民眾若選擇具療效成份的牙膏,最好先尋求牙醫師的建議,否則反而可能會出現負面效果。譬如使用美白牙膏時,雖然其研磨劑的顆粒,可以去除牙齒染色及牙菌斑,但使用上可能會導致牙齒敏感,所以有敏感性牙齒的民眾,就不見得適合使用。
3 個月就應更換牙刷 每次刷牙至少 5 分鐘
你的牙刷多久換一次?大多數人都會使用到牙刷嚴重開花、變形到不能再用才會更換,但這樣的習慣除了容易讓口腔疾病惡化之外,甚至可能引起急性扁桃腺發炎、咽喉炎等疾病,小心因此而危及健康。
王振穎醫師說明,正常情況下,約每 3 個月一次更換牙刷,但因每個人刷牙習慣不同,若牙刷使用不滿3個月,但牙刷刷毛已經分岔,或有彎曲、斷裂等無法服貼牙齒刷牙時的情況,就應立即更換,才能確保口腔的健康。
那刷牙要刷多久呢?王振穎醫師說明,一般民眾只使用牙刷及牙膏刷牙,至少需要 3~5 分鐘才能達到清除牙菌斑的效果;而對於牙周病患,則必須搭配牙線及牙間刷等齒間清潔用具,才能有效清除牙菌斑,換言之,一次完整的刷牙,牙周病患者起碼需要 10 分鐘。
「沒有萬能牙膏或牙刷,刷牙所花的時間與方式,才是維持口腔衛生的最重要關鍵!」王振穎醫師說明,民眾不該一味追求最貴的牙膏,要維持口腔衛生最重要因素還是得回歸正確的刷牙的時間與方式。總歸一句,要當個「刷牙達人」,百分之99還是要靠自己的努力和毅力喔!
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